As the bolt cools, it shrinks and thus strongly holds the assembled pieces together. Both are forced together forming a double head. After turning red in a mobile forging furnace, the bolt is entered into the desired holes and bracketed, also bracketed with the rivet head, which is applied with a special tool. The rivet is composed of a cylindrical bolt and a semi-spherical head. This technique prevents the carbon and the impurities in the metal from associating in the crystallographical structure.Ī fastening piece made of mild iron and one of the almost exclusive original framework elements. Iron A fibrous iron quality obtained by swirling during the liquid phase.
They are identified by their cardinal points. Also houses the service and technical quarters. There are four.ĭesignated the "feet" of the Tower on which the main pillars are positioned. This system of numbering has been in place since the conception of the Tower and is still used today as reference points for operations and maintenance of the monument.ĭesignated as the "legs" of the Tower, extending from the ground up to the second floor. They are visible on the facade and accented in the openwork sections by the crosspieces forming diagonal crosses. The structure of the Tower is divided into 29 numbered panels from the ground up. The four sides in question are designated by the view presented before them : The four cardinal points of the Tower and the pillars provide the orientation. Placed on the facade of the Tour so as to mask the top of the 4.9 meter girders on the 2nd floor and the 7-meter girders on the 1st floor. They are arranged in 2 layers.ĭecorative shapes adorned with consoles, mouldings, sculptures, etc. The 4.9 and 7 meter girders have lattice members between the upper and lower chords. Their components are attached to the chords and can be attached together where they cross. They function the same way as the lacing, however they are placed as cross bars in wider sections. The crosspieces have lacing on all four sides. It can be composed of flat bars, angle sections or any other type of bars. Together they form a resistant horizontal section yet let light pass through, all the while maintaining an overall resistance comparable to that of sheet iron. The longest span between support points is about 38 meters.Ī sort of zigzag lattice member between two angle bars. They are also measured in their inclined position, thus they are actually wider than the said 7 meters. Primary structure girders bonding the 16 trusses together and supporting the sub-floor of the first floor. The longest span between support points is about 12.5 meters. Since the beams are measured in their inclined position, they are actually wider than the said 4.9 meters. Primary structure girders bonding the 16 trusses together and supporting the sub-floor of the second floor. For example, the second floor is composed of 6 main floors without counting the sub-levels and walkways. In fact, the 1st and 2nd floors contain many levels. Steel piece solidifying the floor to the primary structure and thereby transferring the stress to the sub-floor.Īll the lightweight box beams visible on all sides of the facade, which join with the trusses to form the primary structure of the Tower, bonding and reinforcing it.Īn iron or steel flat bar, long and rectangular, and factory made.Ī floor actually represents a group of levels not the number attributed to the order of floors. Indeed, modern welding on the original Tower iron is technically impossible because it renders the iron fragile as well as it distorts the purity of the skeleton framework. The clipping technique is used on the Tower instead of soldering for fixing steel pieces onto the original iron pieces that drilling would structurally weaken. For example, for the 4.9 or 7-meter girders, the chords are U-shaped drawing strength from the flanges to which the lattice or lacing members are attached, thus constituting the main part of the beam.Ī clip attaching system tightened with one or more bolts. The upper or lower part of a girder or bar. They are 4.5 meters high.Ī support (stanchion, truss, beam, etc.) that warps due to weight. The two main beams used for cross bracing: in the form of a cross and attached over the 4 angle trusses at the tower top for cohesion purposes. Bar Sectional iron or steel piece in the form of an L, factory made.įraming member, which stiffens another malleable element (square or rectangular for example).